Voicy初の公式英語ニュースチャンネル「Voicy News Brief with articles from New York Times」。チャンネルでは、バイリンガルパーソナリティがThe New York Timesの記事を英語で読み、記事の中に出てくる単語を日本語で解説しています。

Voicy Journalでは、毎週金曜日にその週に読んだ記事を、まとめて紹介します！１週間の終わりに、その週の放送をもう１度聞いて復習するのも良いかもしれません。VoicyのPCページやアプリでは、再生速度も変えられるので、自分の理解度に応じて、調整してみましょう。

4/24(土)の放送

Once Crippled by the Pandemic, Airlines See a Fast Recovery Coming

著者：Niraj Chokshi
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

As the pandemic decimated travel a year ago, a top industry executive predicted that a major U.S. airline would go bankrupt and the carriers themselves warned of painful cuts to come.

Now, with demand for tickets rebounding, airlines are predicting the summer will be almost normal, and some companies even say they could turn a profit.

It amounts to a stunning turnaround for an industry that many people had written off and that had to go hat in hand to Washington for three bailouts, which provided tens of billions of dollars that helped to prevent painful layoffs.

With passenger traffic still down more than 40% compared with 2019, airline executives are so confident that demand is coming back that they plan to call back thousands of employees and hire hundreds of pilots.

Southwest Airlines, which carried more passengers than any other U.S. airline in 2019, even managed to turn a small profit in the first three months of this year, the first major U.S. airline to do so since the pandemic began.

“I’m relieved, I’m optimistic, I’m enthused, I’m grateful and I’m especially thankful to our tens of thousands of employees,” Gary C. Kelly, Southwest’s CEO, told investors and analysts Thursday. “We’ve got a long way to go but I’m very, very confident.”

Other major U.S. airlines did not do quite as well in the first quarter — American Airlines, Delta Air Lines and United Airlines lost more than $1 billion each — but their executives said they expected the rest of the year to be much better.

American and United said this month that they would start hiring pilots for the first time since the pandemic began, with each expecting to bring on about 300 by the end of the year. Southwest also said that by June, it will have recalled the 2,700 flight attendants who were still on voluntary leave.

The nation’s 11 largest airlines are planning to offer nearly as many seats this July as they did in July 2019, according to Cirium, an aviation data firm, though schedules could still change.

“There is no doubt the pace of the recovery is accelerating,” American CEO Doug Parker said.

crippled (景気などが) 不活発になった
decimate 　(～の) 数を大幅に減らす、(～に)大きな損傷(ダメージ)を与える
turn a profit 利益を出す(生み出す)
write off 考慮の対象外にする、見限る
go hat in hand　　丁重な態度で人に近づく、～にへつらう
enthuse　 熱中(熱狂)する、熱心になる
voluntary　 自由意思の、任意の
aviation　 航空、飛行
accelerate 速度を上げる、加速させる

4/25(日)の放送

SpaceX Launches 4 Astronauts for NASA

著者：Kenneth Chang
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

The third time was the charm for SpaceX launching astronauts to space, just like the first two missions in the past year by Elon Musk’s rocket company.

The string of successes are, as NASA and SpaceX hoped, making spaceflight seem routine.

At 5:49 a.m. Eastern time Friday, SpaceX’s Crew Dragon capsule lifted off from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. A smooth countdown proceeded through the early morning and even ran ahead of schedule at times.

The mission, Crew-2, is carrying two American, one Japanese and one French astronaut to the International Space Station. It is a continuation of a successful effort by the space agency to turn over to the private sector the business of taking people to low-Earth orbit.

SpaceX conducted a demonstration mission with two NASA astronauts, Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley, a year ago. The capsule, named Endeavour, with the two men then splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean in August.

Months later, SpaceX conducted what NASA called the first routine operational mission for the Crew Dragon spacecraft with four astronauts onboard. That mission, Crew-1, launched in November, and the astronauts are still aboard the station, scheduled to return to Earth next week.

Friday’s launch was the second operational mission. The Crew-2 astronauts are traveling in the same Endeavour capsule used in the demonstration mission last year.

The four crewmates are: Shane Kimbrough, the mission commander; and Megan McArthur, the pilot; Thomas Pesquet, Crew-2’s specialist; and Akihiko Hoshide, the flight’s engineer.

After the capsule reached orbit, Kimbrough said, “It’s great to be back in space.”

The third time was the charm 3度目の正直
Spaceflight 宇宙飛行
Capsule カプセル
Astronaut 宇宙飛行士
International Space Station ISS、国際宇宙ステーション
Low Orbit 低軌道
Crewmates 乗組員
Mission commander 指揮官、キャプテン

4/26(月)の放送

CEO Pay Remains Stratospheric, Even at Companies Battered by Pandemic

著者：David Gelles
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

The coronavirus plunged the world into an economic crisis, sent the U.S. unemployment rate skyrocketing and left millions of Americans struggling to make ends meet. Yet at many of the companies hit hardest by the pandemic, the executives in charge were showered with riches.

The divergent fortunes of CEOs and everyday workers illustrate the sharp divides in a nation on the precipice of an economic boom but still racked by steep income inequality. The stock markets are up and the wealthy are spending freely, but millions are still facing significant hardship. Executives are minting fortunes while laid-off workers line up at food banks.

“Many of these CEOs have improved profitability by laying off workers,” said Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., who has proposed new taxes on the ultrawealthy. “A tiny handful of people who have shimmied all the way to the top of the greasy pole get all of the rewards, while everyone else gets left behind.”

For executives who own large stakes in giant companies, the gains have been even more pronounced. Eight of the 10 wealthiest people in the world are men who founded or ran tech companies in the United States, and each has grown billions of dollars richer this year, according to Bloomberg. Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon, which saw profits skyrocket with people stuck at home, is now worth $193 billion.

The gap between executive compensation and average worker pay has been growing for decades. CEOs of big companies now make, on average, 320 times as much as their typical worker, according to the Economic Policy Institute. In 1989, that ratio was 61-1. From 1978 to 2019, compensation grew 14% for typical workers. It rose 1,167% for CEOs.

The pandemic only compounded these disparities, as hundreds of companies awarded their leaders pay packages worth significantly more than most Americans will make in their entire lives. AT&T, the media conglomerate, lost $5.4 billion and cut thousands of jobs throughout the year. John Stankey, the CEO, received $21 million for his work in 2020, down from $22.5 million in 2019.

stratospheric 成層圏の
batter 【動】何度も叩く、めった打ちにする
plunge …を…に沈める、…に陥れる
make ends meet 収支を合わせる、やりくりする
divergent 分岐する、異なる
precipice 危機
rack 【動】(人を)苦しめる、悩ます
mint 【動】(貨幣を)鋳造する
greasy 油まみれの、油ぎった
pronounced 明白な、著しい
compensation 報酬
disparity (極端な)不均衡、格差

4/27(火)の放送

Chloé Zhao and ‘Nomadland’ Win at 2021 Oscars

著者：Brooks Barnes and Nicole Sperling
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

“Nomadland” was named best picture and Chloé Zhao won best director at Sunday night’s sleepy and surreal 93rd Academy Awards, a stage show broadcast on television about films mostly distributed on the internet.

In a major upset, Anthony Hopkins was honored as best actor for “The Father,” beating out the late Chadwick Boseman (“Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom”), who was the favorite going into the night. Frances McDormand was named best actress for “Nomadland.”

Daniel Kaluuya was recognized as best supporting actor for playing Black Panther leader Fred Hampton in “Judas and the Black Messiah.”

“Bro, we out here!” Kaluuya shouted in joy before changing gears and crediting Hampton (“what a man, what a man”) and ending with the cri de coeur, “When they played divide and conquer, we say unite and ascend.”

The supporting actress award went to Yuh-Jung Youn for playing a comically cantankerous grandmother in “Minari.” She was the first Korean performer to win an acting Oscar, and only the second Asian woman; the first was Miyoshi Umeki, a Japanese-born American actress who was recognized in 1958 for playing a bride who encounters racism in “Sayonara.”

“I’m luckier than you,” Youn said to Glenn Close, a supporting actress nominee, to laughter. (Peter O’Toole and Close now jointly hold the record for most nominations in the acting categories without a win — eight apiece.)

In other firsts, Mia Neal and Jamika Wilson became the first Black women to win the makeup and hairstyling Oscar, a prize they shared with Sergio Lopez-Rivera for their work on “Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom.” Ann Roth won for her “Ma Rainey” costume design, becoming, at 89, the oldest woman ever to win an Oscar.

Zhao won best director for “Nomadland,” a bittersweet meditation on grief and the damaged American dream. Zhao, who is Chinese, became only the second woman, and the first woman of color, to win the award. (Kathryn Bigelow was celebrated in 2010 for directing “The Hurt Locker.”)

“I’ve been thinking a lot lately of how I keep going when things get hard,” she said in her acceptance speech, referring to a Chinese poem she used to read with her father that began with the phrase “People at birth are entirely good.”

“This is for anyone who has the faith and courage to hold on to the goodness in themselves and to hold onto the goodness in each other,” she said.

surreal　超現実的、シュール
[語源: sur(超越した)+real(現実)]
major　大きな
ex. That’s a major problem!
upset　番狂わせ
☝️名詞なので[UP-set]、動詞は[up-SET]
beating out　負かす
the late　故
ex. The late Yukio Ninagawa.
crediting　功績を称える
cri de coeur　懇願
[フランス語: cry from the heart]
cantankerous　喧嘩越しの
meditation　瞑想録

4/28(水)の放送

As Virus Rages Abroad, Biden Promises to Ship Millions of Vaccine Doses

著者：Sheryl Gay Stolberg
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

President Joe Biden, under intense pressure to do more to address the surging pandemic abroad, including a humanitarian crisis in India, intends to make up to 60 million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine available to other countries, so long as federal regulators deem the doses safe, officials said Monday.

The announcement came after Biden spoke with Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India and the two pledged to “work closely together in the fight against COVID-19.” It is a significant, albeit limited, shift for the White House, which has until now been reluctant to make excess doses of coronavirus vaccine available in large amounts.

Global health groups said the commitment was not nearly big enough. And it comes with a catch: The AstraZeneca doses were made at a Baltimore plant, owned by Emergent BioSolutions, where production has been halted amid fears of contamination. The Food and Drug Administration will have to certify that the doses meet the United States’ standards for safety and quality.

Biden took office vowing to restore the United States as a leader in global public health, and he has taken certain steps to do so: rejoining the World Health Organization, pledging $4 billion to an international vaccine effort and providing financial support to help Biological E, a vaccine manufacturer in India, produce at least 1 billion doses of coronavirus vaccines by the end of 2022.

But on the matter of sending vaccines abroad that were manufactured for the United States and funded by American taxpayers, the president has been consistent: He will help other countries, he has said, but only after every American has had a chance to get a coronavirus shot. (He made a limited exception for Mexico and Canada last month.)

Now, with some states on the verge of reporting that their vaccine supplies exceed demand, the American vaccination campaign is at an inflection point, and the president appears more willing to consider sending surplus doses overseas.

Given the scope of the crisis, liberals on Capitol Hill and global health advocacy organizations say the president has a moral obligation to do more.

“Sixty million doses — that’s showing up to a four-alarm fire with an eyedropper full of water,” said Asia Russell, the executive director of Health GAP, a global AIDS treatment advocacy organization.

rage　猛威
under pressure　プレッシャーをかけられて
humanitarian　人道的な
so long as　〜さえすれば、〜する限りは
work together　共に働く、協力する
reluctant　気乗りしない、渋っている様子
not nearly　〜どころではない
show up　姿を現す、現れる

4/29(木)の放送

Epicurious Has a Beef With Beef

著者：Derrick Bryson Taylor
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

Could an empire of the kitchen quietly stop cooking with beef and leave no one the wiser?

That appears to be the feat accomplished by Epicurious, the popular online recipe bank where home cooks have gone to hone their skills for a quarter of a century. The editors there revealed to readers this week that not only were they done with new recipes containing beef, but they had been phasing them out for more than a year.

“We know that some people might assume that this decision signals some sort of vendetta against cows — or the people who eat them,” Maggie Hoffman, a senior editor, and David Tamarkin, a former digital director, wrote in an article published Monday. “But this decision was not made because we hate hamburgers (we don’t!).”

The shift was “solely about sustainability, about not giving airtime to one of the world’s worst climate offenders,” they said. “We think of this decision as not anti-beef but rather pro-planet.”

Existing beef recipes will remain available, including the succulent Steak Diane on Instagram, a list of 73 ways to make a steak dinner “110 Percent Beefier,” and a “steakburger” on its list of 50 most popular recipes of all time.

Signs of a shift away from beef had already appeared on Epicurious and other prominent cooking sites. There are more than 300,000 recipes on Epicurious, many with vegetarian substitutions or meat alternatives to beef. Recipes published in place of beef-based dishes have struck a chord with readers, according to the site.

“The traffic and engagement numbers on these stories don’t lie: When given an alternative to beef, American cooks get hungry,” the company said.

The announcement also pointed to data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations that said nearly 15% of greenhouse gas emissions globally come from livestock. Cattle represent about 65% of emissions in the livestock sector, the agency said.

Epicurious said in its announcement that its “agenda” would remain the same — “to inspire home cooks to be better, smarter and happier in the kitchen” — but that it now believed in cooking with the planet in mind. “If we don’t, we’ll end up with no planet at all,” it said.

have a beef 文句がある、不満がある
no one the wiser 誰にも気付かれないで
feat 手柄、功績
hone one’s skills 腕を磨く
vendetta 復習、恨み、ネガティブキャンペーン
sustainability 持続可能性、サステナビリティ
substitution 代用、代用品
alternative 取って代わるもの
strike a chord 胸に応える、琴線に触れる
livestock 家畜
cattle 牛、畜牛

4/30(金)の放送

People of Color Breathe More Hazardous Air. The Sources Are Everywhere.

著者：Hiroko Tabuchi and Nadja Popovich
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

Over the years, a mountain of evidence has brought to light a stark injustice: Compared with white Americans, people of color in the United States suffer disproportionately from exposure to pollution.

Now a new study on a particularly harmful type of air pollution shows just how broadly those disparities hold true. Black Americans are exposed to more pollution from every type of source, including industry, agriculture, all manner of vehicles, construction, residential sources and even emissions from restaurants. People of color more broadly, including Black and Hispanic people and Asian Americans, are exposed to more pollution from nearly every source.

“We expected to find that just a couple of different sources were important for the disparate exposure among racial ethnic groups,” said Christopher W. Tessum, an assistant professor in environmental engineering and science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who led the study. “But what we found instead was that almost all of the source types that we looked at contributed to this disparity.”

The study builds on a wealth of research that has shown that people of color in America live with more pollution than their white neighbors. Fine particulate matter air pollution, known as PM 2.5, is harmful to human health and is responsible for 85,000 to 200,000 excess deaths a year in the United States. Racial and socioeconomic disparities in exposure to PM 2.5 have been well documented and have persisted despite an overall decline in particulate pollution.

The researchers used an air quality model to analyze data from the Environmental Protection Agency on more than 5,000 emission sources collected as part of a 2014 nationwide emissions survey. Then they identified differences in exposure to each by broad race-ethnicity and income groups, based on U.S. census data.

They found that nearly all emissions sources caused disproportionate exposures for people of color, on average, as well as separately for Black, Hispanic and Asian people. The disparities were seen nationally as well as at the state level, across income levels and across the urban-rural divide.

The disparities have roots in historical practices, like redlining, under which the federal government marked certain neighborhoods as risky for real estate investments because their residents were Black.

The latest research, published Wednesday in the journal Science Advances, shows how that legacy continues to cast a shadow.

people of color　有色人種
☝️最近POCという略もよく目にします
hazardous　危険な／有害な
bring to light　　さらけ出す／明らかにする
stark　　赤裸々な／際立った
disproportionately　　不相応に／不均衡に
disparity　　差異／不等
hold true　　当てはまる／該当する
particulate　　微粒子（の）
matter　　物質／物体
socioeconomic 　社会経済的な／社会経済の
redlining　　特定警戒地区指定／融資差し止め
cast a shadow　　影を落とす／陰りができる