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9/12(月)の放送の英文記事と英単語：嘆く、任命する、薄い光

Charles, in First Speech as King, Pledges a Reign of Service to Britain

mourn　嘆く、悲しむ、喪に服す
anoint　任命する、聖別する
augur　予言する、前兆となる
glimmer　薄い光、わずかな兆し
culminate　頂点に達する、終わる

著者：Mark Landler
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

LONDON — Swiftly taking on the mantle of Britain’s monarch, King Charles III returned to London from Scotland on Friday, a day after the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, to pledge to the British people, “I shall endeavor to serve you with loyalty, respect and love, as I have throughout my life.”

The king’s speech capped a day of mourning across Britain, but it was also a vivid symbol of continuity in this constitutional monarchy. He met with the new prime minister, Liz Truss, just four days after the queen anointed her at Balmoral Castle, in the last official act of her seven-decade reign.

“Queen Elizabeth was a life well lived, a promise with destiny kept,” Charles, 73, said in a televised address.

Charles’ ascent marks a new chapter in the relationship between Britain’s head of state and its head of government — one that, under the queen, stretched back to Winston Churchill, her first prime minister. And it augured a new royal style, led by a king who has signaled he wants to reshape his family’s role in British life.

A glimmer of that new approach surfaced Friday when Charles and his wife, Queen Camilla, arrived at Buckingham Palace. The king jumped out of his vintage Rolls-Royce to engage in some distinctly democratic glad-handing, more typical of a politician on the campaign trail than a member of royalty.

Once inside, the king recorded his address in the blue drawing room, a photo of the queen on the desk beside him. He made some news, bestowing his old title, Prince of Wales, on his eldest son and heir, William.

The king’s words were piped into St. Paul’s Cathedral, echoing under its cavernous dome where Britain’s political establishment gathered for a service of thanksgiving for the queen, who died Thursday at 96.

The rituals were the start of 10 days of ceremony. Next up is an Accession Council, convened Saturday to formally designate Charles as the king, followed by a proclamation, to be read from the balcony of the Friary Court by the Garter King of Arms. It will culminate with a state funeral in Westminster Abbey, the first since Churchill’s in 1965.

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9/13(火)の放送の英文記事と英単語：乱打戦、摩耗、悪名高い

Carlos Alcaraz Wins U.S. Open Men’s Singles Title, and Becomes No. 1

pinnacle　(名声・経歴などの)頂点
notorious for…　…で（…として）有名で、悪名高い
outlast　…より長持ちする、長く続く
slugfest　乱打戦、激しい戦い
transpire　(事件などが)起こる
attrition　摩耗、消耗

著者：Matthew Futterman
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

NEW YORK — The future of tennis arrived at 7:38 p.m. ET Sunday with a rocketed serve off the racket of Carlos Alcaraz, who clinched the U.S. Open men’s singles championship, announcing the start of a new era in the game.

Alcaraz, the 19-year-old Spanish sensation, beat Casper Ruud of Norway, 6-4, 2-6, 7-6 (1), 6-3, to win his first Grand Slam singles title, but probably not his last.

On Sunday, he reached the sport’s pinnacle in grand fashion on its biggest stage, packing nearly 24,000 fans in the stadium onto his bandwagon as he claimed not only the men’s singles championship and $2.6 million in prize money, but also the No. 1 ranking in the world, becoming the youngest man to do so. He is the youngest man to win a Grand Slam title since Rafael Nadal won the 2005 French Open as a 19-year-old.

Alcaraz’s rise to the top of the sport had been predicted for years, but it has been breathtaking nonetheless.

Just to get to the final, he played three straight five-set matches starting Monday that had him on the court for some 15 hours. His quarterfinal victory over Jannik Sinner lasted until 2:50 a.m. Thursday, the latest finish in the history of a tournament notorious for late endings. Two nights later, or rather, the next night, he outlasted Tiafoe in an emotional, battle-filled, lung-busting rallies in a match miraculous point-saving shots to the end.

Alcaraz started causing problems for Ruud early. Determined not to get into another marathon slugfest against an opponent as steady and fit as anyone else in the field, Alcaraz stepped on the gas pedal from the start, rushing the net at every good chance and ending points with crisp volleys hit on the sharpest angles. Given what had transpired recently, Ruud had every right to expect Alcaraz’s unique style of tennis attrition. Instead he got shock-and-awe.

Throughout the tournament, Alcaraz showed a rare ability to find the next gear to meet whatever challenge came his way. He put that on full display late in the third set, during a crucial, and for Ruud, soul-crushing stretch.

After the final point, a crushing service winner, Alcaraz collapsed on his back. A minute later he was embracing his longtime coach — former world No. 1 Juan Carlos Ferrero — who has piloted the journey, along with Alcaraz’s father, a former pro himself, and his grandfather, who helped develop the tennis club where he started to play as a 3-year-old.

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9/14(水)の放送の英文記事と英単語：博士号、代理の、通貨監査庁

There’s a New Cop on the Banking Beat: Chief Climate Risk Officer

cop　(口語) 警官、警察官 　　
(Police officer, Officer) The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency　通貨監督庁 unpredictable　予測できない
acting　代理の
doctorate　博士号

著者：Emily Flitter
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

The federal agency overseeing the country’s largest banks has hired its first climate cop.

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency announced Monday that Yue Chen would be the agency’s chief climate risk officer. Chen will focus on developing a new system to assess climate-driven risks to banks, and figure out how to monitor and manage them, the agency said in a statement.

Climate change, including global warming and increasingly severe and unpredictable weather events, makes it harder for banks to figure out how much money to lend to real estate and business deals, and how to price those loans. Advocates of climate-driven financial oversight say that a catastrophic weather event that caused larger-than-expected losses to banks could threaten the stability of the financial system.

The move to integrate concerns about climate change into financial regulation has been largely driven by Democratic lawmakers, who have for years been warning about the dangers climate change poses to markets. At the beginning of his term, President Joe Biden assembled an expansive team of climate experts inside the White House.

Last year, the OCC designated one of its bank supervisors to serve as a climate risk officer to urge banks to consider climate risks in their daily operations. Chen’s role is an expansion of that. She will oversee the regulator’s office of climate risk and report directly to the OCC’s leader. The agency is run by Michael Hsu, the acting comptroller.

Chen, known as Nina, has a doctorate in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She worked at Goldman Sachs in the Wall Street giant’s asset management business and at the Royal Bank of Canada before becoming the New York director of conservation investments for the Nature Conservancy, an environmental nonprofit organization, in a job that involved marshaling private funds to help expand the group’s work.

The OCC post is not Chen’s first role as a regulator, either; she was recently in charge of a newly created climate division at New York state’s financial regulator.

“We are fortunate to have someone with her background and experience in both finance and climate-related financial risk,” Hsu said in the statement.

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9/15(木)の放送の英文記事と英単語：論争、名声、自慢する

U.S. News Dropped Columbia’s Ranking, but Its Own Methods Are Now Questioned

controversy　論争
fudged　でっちあげる
manipulated　操作する、巧みに扱う
prestige　名声
extracurricular activities　課外活動 、部活
dean　(大学の)学部長
brag　自慢する

著者：Anemona Hartocollis
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

U.S. News & World Report likes to say that it is performing a consumer service when it puts out its annual college rankings. But Monday, those ratings were again called into question after the publication demoted Columbia University to No. 18 from No. 2 in its newest annual list, after a monthslong controversy over whether the school had fudged its numbers.

The drop suggests that the highly influential rankings can be easily manipulated, since they rely heavily on data submitted by the universities that directly benefit from them.

Columbia’s No. 2 status was not questioned until one of its own math professors, Michael Thaddeus accused the school of submitting statistics that were “inaccurate, dubious or highly misleading.” Last week, the university said in a statement that it had miscalculated some data.

Columbia’s public humiliation raises questions for many parents and educational policymakers: Can the quality of a college be ranked by a single number, the way critics rate movies with stars? And should students choose where to go to college based on what has become a proxy for prestige?

U.S. News, which has been rating colleges since 1983, says that given the cost and importance of education, it is ever more important that parents and students have some kind of guide to quality schools.

Some experts say that though the numerical ranking system provides the satisfaction of a snap judgment, it exaggerates the differences among schools, and blurs more nuanced considerations, like whether a college is strong in certain fields or has good support systems and extracurricular activities.

The fixation with status that keeps the college rankings organizations — not just U.S. News but others like The Wall Street Journal, Forbes and Washington Monthly — in business may be overblown but it is not irrational, said Colin Diver, former president of Reed College, a rare school that does not participate in the rankings, and former dean of the University of Pennsylvania law school, which does.

“It’s based on a not-irrational premise that you’re more likely not only to get jobs, but you’re more likely to get noticed, you’re more likely to have good connections,” he said.

As for the schools themselves, he said, “They have a love-hate relationship with U.S. News. Publicly, they may be reluctant to say, ‘We love this ranking system, anti-intellectual as it is,’ but in fact, when your ranking goes up you tend to brag about it.”

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9/16(金)の放送の英文記事と英単語：無視、侵入、身分保障

Whistleblower Says Twitter ‘Chose to Mislead’ on Security Flaws

Disregard　無視
Infiltrate　侵入
Tenure　身分保障
Convene　招集
Turmoil　混乱
Engulf　飲み込む
Embroil　巻き込む

著者：David McCabe and Kate Conger
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

WASHINGTON — Twitter’s former top security official told lawmakers at a hearing Tuesday that executives had so heavily prioritized the company’s business that they disregarded concerns about foreign governments infiltrating its operations and misled regulators about its privacy practices.

Peiter Zatko, who was Twitter’s top security official before he was fired in January, testified that the FBI had notified the company during his tenure that “there was at least one agent” of China’s Ministry of State Security “on the payroll inside Twitter.” In another conversation about a possible foreign agent inside Twitter, Zatko recounted, an executive said that because “we already have one, what does it matter if we have more.”

Members of the Senate Judiciary Committee, which convened the hearing, expressed concerns about Zatko’s accusations, which he first made in a whistleblower complaint that became public last month. Sen. Chuck Grassley of Iowa, the top Republican on the committee, said he did not see how Twitter’s CEO, Parag Agrawal, could keep his job if the allegations were true.

Zatko’s testimony added to the turmoil engulfing Twitter as the social media service faces questions about its survival. The company, which is based in San Francisco, has been embroiled in a battle with Elon Musk, Tesla’s CEO, who agreed to buy Twitter for $44 billion in April before trying to back out of the deal. The company has insisted the purchase go forward and has sued Musk, with a trial over the case set for next month.

Twitter’s shareholders voted Tuesday to approve the deal with Musk, even as it remains uncertain whether the acquisition will be completed.

Twitter denied Zatko’s accusations, saying in a statement, “Today’s hearing only confirms that Mr. Zatko’s allegations are riddled with inconsistencies and inaccuracies.”

Musk’s lawyers have seized on Zatko’s statements to back their argument that Twitter misled the billionaire about the volume of spam accounts on the service.

Zatko, who reached a $7 million settlement with the company after he left, described Twitter executives as unconcerned about possible holes in security.

Prosecutors charged two former Twitter employees in 2019 with acting as agents of the government of Saudi Arabia, saying they had used their positions to gain access to information about critics of the Saudi government. A California jury convicted one of them on some of the charges last month; the other man left the country before authorities could arrest him.

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9/17(土)の放送の英文記事と英単語：嫌々ながら、戦う、沢山

Billionaire No More: Patagonia Founder Gives Away the Company

Reluctant　嫌々ながら
Combat　戦う
Bunch　沢山
Irrevocably　変更できないやり方で
Succession　相続
Be Around　いる

著者：David Gelles
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

A half-century after founding outdoor apparel maker Patagonia, Yvon Chouinard, the eccentric rock climber who became a reluctant billionaire, has given the company away.

Rather than selling the company or taking it public, Chouinard, his wife and two adult children have transferred their ownership of Patagonia, valued at about $3 billion, to a specially designed trust and a nonprofit organization. They were created to preserve the company’s independence and ensure that all of its profits — some $100 million a year — are used to combat climate change and protect undeveloped land around the globe.

“Hopefully this will influence a new form of capitalism that doesn’t end up with a few rich people and a bunch of poor people,” Chouinard, 83, said in an exclusive interview.

Patagonia will continue to operate as a private, for-profit corporation based in Ventura, California, selling more than $1 billion worth of jackets, hats and ski pants each year. But the Chouinards, who controlled Patagonia until last month, no longer own the company.

In August, the family irrevocably transferred all the company’s voting stock, equivalent to 2% of the overall shares, into a newly established entity known as the Patagonia Purpose Trust.

The trust, which will be overseen by members of the family and their closest advisers, is intended to ensure that Patagonia makes good on its commitment to run a socially responsible business and give away its profits.

The Chouinards then donated the other 98% of Patagonia, its common shares, to a newly established nonprofit organization called the Holdfast Collective, which will now be the recipient of all the company’s profits and use the funds to combat climate change.

By giving away the bulk of their assets during their lifetime, the Chouinards — Yvon, his wife Malinda, and their two children, Fletcher and Claire, who are both in their 40s — have established themselves as among the most charitable families in the country.

For Chouinard, it provided a satisfactory resolution to the matter of succession planning.

“I didn’t know what to do with the company because I didn’t ever want a company,” he said from his home in Jackson, Wyoming. “I didn’t want to be a businessman. Now I could die tomorrow and the company is going to continue doing the right thing for the next 50 years, and I don’t have to be around.”

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9/18(日)の放送の英文記事と英単語：促す、おしゃれな、駒

Migrants Flown to Martha’s Vineyard Say They Were Misled

Prompting　促す
Tony　おしゃれな、スタイリッシュな
Pawn　駒
Pretense　見せかけ、ふり
Groan　うめき声
Dazed　ぼーっとする、呆然とする

著者：Remy Tumin and Michael D. Shear
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

EDGARTOWN, Mass. — Migrants shipped to this elite vacation island by Florida’s Republican governor said on Friday that they had been misled about where they were being taken, prompting immigration lawyers to promise legal action as the group of Venezuelans were relocated temporarily to a federal military base.

The lawyers said they would seek an injunction in federal court early next week to stop the flights of migrants to cities around the country, alleging that the Republican governor had violated due process and the civil rights of the migrants flown from Texas to the small island off the coast of Massachusetts.

“They were told, ‘You have a hearing in San Antonio, but don’t worry, we’ll take you to Boston,’” said Iván Espinoza-Madrigal, executive director for Lawyers for Civil Rights Boston. He said dozens of the migrants had told his team they only had been informed midair that they were going to land in tony Martha’s Vineyard rather than Boston.

“They were also told there would be employment opportunities and immigration relief available to them if they boarded the plane,” Espinoza-Madrigal said. “That’s not only state interference with federal immigration matters, it’s also a violation of our clients’ civil rights.”

The lawyers lobbed legal threats as Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis vehemently defended his actions, saying the flights were voluntary and denying that the migrants had been misled, and the White House condemned him for using human beings as political pawns.

“Luring asylum-seekers under false pretenses and then abandoning them on the side of the road thousands of miles away is not the solution to a global challenge — in fact, those are the kinds of tactics we arrest smugglers for,” said Abdullah Hasan, a White House spokesperson.

The drama underscored the decades-old shortcomings of a backlogged immigration system groaning under the weight of thousands of migrants fleeing persecution and economic instability. And it demonstrated once again how easily the fate of immigrants can be swept up in a toxic political battle, especially in election season.

A fleet of buses arrived at St. Andrew’s Episcopal Church in Edgartown on Friday morning to ferry about 50 migrants — many of them dazed and a bit confused, but happy to be in the United States at last — to Joint Base Cape Cod, a temporary shelter.

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