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10/25(月)の放送の英文記事と英単語：銃弾、実弾の入っていない銃、お尋ね者

Alec Baldwin Was Told Gun in Fatal Shooting on Set Was Safe, Officials Say

fatal　 命に関わる、致命的な
outlaw　 無法者、お尋ね者
prop gun　 プロップガン
armorer　 兵器係、兵器製造者
cold gun　 実弾の入っていない銃　　(対) hot gun
live round　 (銃などの) 実包、実弾
search warrant　 捜索令状
affidavit　 宣誓供述書
ammunition　 銃弾、砲弾、弾薬　　(同) bullet
hinge on　 ～次第である、～にかかっている

著者：Simon Romero, Julia Jacobs and Glenn Thrush
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

SANTA FE, N.M. — On a ranch in northern New Mexico, Alec Baldwin was filming a new movie Thursday when his character, an outlaw, needed a gun.

An assistant director grabbed one of three prop guns that the film’s armorer had set up outside on a gray cart, handed it to Baldwin and, according to an affidavit signed by Detective Joel Cano of the Santa Fe County sheriff’s office, yelled “cold gun!” — which was supposed to indicate that the gun did not have any live rounds in it.

When Baldwin fired the gun, law enforcement officials said, it struck and killed the film’s cinematographer and wounded its director.

The assistant director “did not know live rounds were in the prop gun” when he gave it to Baldwin, according to the affidavit, which was made as part of a search warrant application. The affidavit did not specify what kind of ammunition the gun had been loaded with.

The results were deadly: Halyna Hutchins, 42, the film’s director of photography, was struck in the chest and flown to the University of New Mexico Hospital in Albuquerque, where she died, officials said. Joel Souza, 48, the film’s director, was shot in the shoulder area and wounded; he was taken to Christus St. Vincent Regional Medical Center in Santa Fe and later released.

“There are no words to convey my shock and sadness regarding the tragic accident that took the life of Halyna Hutchins, a wife, mother and deeply admired colleague of ours,” Baldwin, 63, said in a statement Friday on Twitter.

The plot of the film Baldwin was shooting, “Rust,” hinges on an accidental killing and its aftermath. Suddenly the movie set — on Bonanza Creek Ranch in Santa Fe County — became the scene of a real killing and a real investigation.

Juan Rios, a spokesperson for the sheriff’s office, said Friday afternoon that the investigation “remains active and ongoing” and that “detectives entered the movie set today and continue to interview potential witnesses.”

With the search warrant, detectives were seeking additional evidence that could help shed light on the events leading up to the fatal shooting: footage or video captured during the filming, computer and cellphones left on set, as well as other firearms and ammunition.

This article originally appeared in The New York Times.

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10/26(火)の放送の英文記事と英単語：合併症、集団免疫、効能

Coronavirus Vaccines Should Begin Soon for Children Ages 5-11

eligible for… ～の資格がある、適格で
immunize (ワクチンを接種して人に) 免疫を与える
*herd immunity 集団免疫
*immune response 免疫反応
submission 提案、提示
efficacy 効能、有効性
as to … ～に関しては、～については
inflammation 炎症
*myocarditis 心筋炎
*pericarditis 心膜炎
complication 合併症

著者：Roni Caryn Rabin
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

Children ages 5 to 11 may be eligible for COVID vaccines by early next month, according to Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation’s top infectious disease official. He projected a timetable for young Americans to be vaccinated with at least one dose by early November and to be fully immunized by the December holidays.

Food and Drug Administration regulators Friday released their evaluation of data from the Pfizer-BioNTech submission for emergency authorization of a lower-dose vaccine for young children. An advisory panel to the FDA will consider Pfizer’s application for those ages 5 to 11 on Tuesday. Children 12 and older have been eligible for vaccination since May.

Pfizer’s data looks “good as to the efficacy and safety,” Fauci said on ABC’s news program “This Week,” which aired Sunday.

According to Pfizer and BioNTech, the children who were vaccinated as part of the trial, who received doses that were one-third the size of the adult doses, developed robust immune responses after receiving the regimen of two shots three weeks apart. The companies have said the efficacy rate of the vaccine in children reduced the risk of developing a symptomatic infection by 91%.

The most-common side effects in children were fatigue, headache, muscle pain and chills. According to the FDA, the data submitted indicated no cases of myocarditis inflammation of the heart muscle, or pericarditis, inflammation of the outer lining of the heart, rare complications that have been reported among young boys and men receiving the vaccine in other trials and in real-world applications.

Dr. Rochelle Walensky, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was also interviewed about the upcoming decisions on child vaccines on two Sunday news shows and seemed to promise that decisions would not be delayed. “We know how many parents are interested in getting their children vaccinated, and we intend to work as quickly as you can,” Walensky said on “Fox News Sunday.”

Boosters of all three vaccines available in the United States have been authorized. Additional shots of Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines have been approved for people ages 65 and older, those with underlying health conditions and all adults whose living or working conditions place them at high risk of exposure to the virus. Anyone over the age of 18 who received the single-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine at least two months ago is also eligible for a booster shot.

This article originally appeared in The New York Times.

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10/27(水)の放送の英文記事と英単語：牧場、使い捨ての、鶏肉

This Year’s Thanksgiving Feast Will Wallop the Wallet

wallop　強打する
pasture 　牧場
haul　運ぶ、輸送する
passed on to　しわ寄せが来る
disposable　使い捨ての
culprit　容疑者、犯人
poultry　鶏肉

著者：Kim Severson
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

Thanksgiving 2021 could be the most expensive meal in the history of the holiday.

Matthew McClure paid 20% more this month than he did last year for the 25 pasture-raised turkeys he plans to roast at the Hive, the Bentonville, Arkansas, restaurant where he is the executive chef. And Norman Brown, director of sweet-potato sales for Wada Farms in Raleigh, North Carolina, is paying truckers nearly twice as much as usual to haul the crop to other parts of the country.

“I never seen anything like it, and I’ve been running sweet potatoes for 38 or 39 years,” Brown said. “I don’t know what the answer is, but in the end it’s all going to get passed on to the consumer.”

Nearly every component of the traditional American Thanksgiving dinner, from the disposable aluminum turkey roasting pan to the coffee and pie, will cost more this year, according to agricultural economists, farmers and grocery executives.

There is no single culprit. The nation’s food supply has been battered by a knotted supply chain, high transportation expenses, labor shortages, trade policies and bad weather. Inflation is at play, too. In September, the Consumer Price Index for food was up 4.6% from a year ago. Prices for meat, poultry, fish and eggs soared 10.5%.

For many cooks, the biggest expense will be the turkey. By the end of the year, market analysts say, prices per pound will likely surpass the record Department of Agriculture benchmark price for turkeys — $1.36, set in 2015.

Turkey is more expensive largely because the price of corn, which most commercial turkeys feed on, more than doubled in some parts of the country from July 2020 to July 2021. Whole frozen birds between 8 and 16 pounds already cost 25 cents a pound more than they did a year ago, according to the weekly Department of Agriculture turkey report released Friday.

Packaged dinner rolls will be pricier because the cost of almost all of the ingredients that commercial bakers use has gone up. Canned cranberry sauce will cost more because domestic steel plants have yet to catch up after pandemic shutdowns, and China is limiting steel production to reduce carbon emissions. As a result, steel prices have remained more than 200% higher than they were before the pandemic.

This article originally appeared in The New York Times.

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10/28(木)の放送の英文記事と英単語：分離、国家安全保障法、政治的反対意見

With New Conviction, Hong Kong Uses Security Law to Clamp Down on Speech

clamp down きつく取り締まる、封じ込める
convict 有罪と宣告する
incite 扇動する、そそのかす
secession 分離
national security law 国家安全保障法
political dissent 政治的反対意見
liberate 自由にする

著者：Austin Ramzy
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

HONG KONG — A Hong Kong court Monday convicted an activist of inciting secession for shouting pro-independence slogans at a series of protests, underlining the power of a sweeping national security law to punish speech.

The activist, Ma Chun-man, had argued that he had not been calling for Hong Kong’s independence from China but instead had wanted to show that free speech still existed under the law, which Beijing imposed on Hong Kong in June 2020. He will be sentenced Nov. 11.

Critics say Ma’s conviction shows that the national security law is being used to silence political dissent.

“The government is trying to use the NSL to stamp out certain forms of speech,” said Thomas E. Kellogg, executive director of the Center for Asian Law at Georgetown University. “This is a core function of the government’s use of the NSL over the past 15 months. As the case against Ma shows, prosecutors continue to bring serious charges against people who say things that the government doesn’t like.”

In addition to security law prosecutions, Hong Kong authorities have aggressively used older measures against thousands of people who have been arrested in the sometimes-violent protest movement that began in mid-2019. Dozens of leading activists have been convicted of illegal assembly, including seven who were sentenced this month to prison terms of up to a year for a demonstration July 1, 2020.

Ma, 30, is the second defendant to face trial under the security law. The first, Tong Ying-kit, was convicted in July of terrorism and inciting secession after he crashed his motorcycle into police officers while carrying a flag with a slogan that, a court ruled, was a call for separating Hong Kong from China. Tong, a former restaurant worker, was sentenced to nine years in prison.

Unlike the first trial, which covered both an act of speech and an act of violence, Ma was charged purely because of the words he said and displayed on signs in peaceful protests and interviews over the past year.

His chanted slogans included “Hong Kong people, establish our state” and “Hong Kong independence: The only way out.” Another of his slogans, “Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times,” was the same one that Tong was convicted of using.

Beijing enacted the law at the end of June 2020 after a year of widespread protests in Hong Kong.

This article originally appeared in The New York Times.

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10/29(金)の放送の英文記事と英単語：性的区別のない、中間的な性、退役軍人

U.S. Issues First Passport With ‘X’ Gender Marker

Gender-neutral 性的区別のない
Intersex 中間的な性
Veteran 退役軍人
Long-awaited 満を持して
Nonconforming 設定された慣習または主義に特に対応しない

著者：Christine Hauser
(c) 2021 The New York Times Company

The United States has issued its first U.S. passport with an “X” gender marker, acknowledging the rights of people who do not identify as male or female, the Department of State said Wednesday.

The department said in a statement that it would expand the gender-neutral option to all applicants next year after it updates its policies on passports and U.S. citizenship certificates for children born abroad. It said it was working with other government agencies to “ensure as smooth a travel experience as possible for all passport holders, regardless of their gender identity.”

A department spokesperson declined to identify the recipient of the passport, citing privacy considerations. Lambda Legal, a national civil rights organization, said Wednesday that the passport had been issued to Dana Zzyym, a military veteran who is intersex.

In 2015, Lambda Legal filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court in Colorado against the Department of State on Zzyym’s behalf after Zzyym was denied a gender-neutral passport. Zzyym’s original birth certificate identified them as male, and their driver’s license listed them as female, according to court documents.

The court ruled in favor of Zzyym in 2016, but Lambda Legal said in a statement that it asked a federal court to reopen the case because the Department of State continued to “refuse to recognize a gender marker that is neither ‘M’ (male) nor ‘F’ (female).”

In 2018, a judge again found that the Department of State had violated the law, and last year the Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit in Colorado sent the case back to the lower court, Paul Castillo, a Lambda Legal lawyer working with Zzyym, said.

In a telephone interview, Zzyym, 63, said the envelope with the passport arrived at their home in Fort Collins, Colorado, while they were out Wednesday morning. The passport has the usual information — name, place of birth, expiration date — but there was the long-awaited “X” in the section below “sex.”

“I feel good about standing up for myself and other intersex and nonconforming people,” Zzyym said.

The Department of State said in its statement Wednesday that the new gender-neutral option was part of a “commitment to promoting the freedom, dignity and equality of all people.”

This article originally appeared in The New York Times.

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